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online russian tv. Between 1941 and 1945 all television broadcasts in the nation were interrupted because of Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union. During these early years, most television programs were about life in the Soviet Union, cultural activities and sports. In 1960 a second national television channel was established. This initial expansion of activity encompassed mostly the city of Moscow, but to a lesser extent also Leningrad, the Urals, Siberia and the Ukrainian SSR. Each republic, area or region had its own television station. In the 1970s and 1980s, television become the preeminent mass medium. In 1988 approximately 75 million households owned television sets, and an estimated 93 percent of the population watched television. Moscow, the base from which most of the television stations broadcast, transmitted some 90 percent of the country’s programs, with the help of more than 350 stations and nearly 1,400 relay facilities. The distribution of the terrestrial channels is the task of the Unitary Enterprise Russian Satellite Communications Company, which has 11 satellites, and the Federal Unitary Enterprise ’Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network’ serving 14,478 TV transmitters in Russia (90.9% of the total number). 21302
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